Roboethics and the Inevitability of Artificial Intelligence

Opinions held in the ethical debate surrounding the creation of artificial intelligence (AI) are as diverse as they are fiercely debated. Not only is there the question of whether or not we'll be "playing god" by creating a true AI, but also the issue of how we install a set of human-friendly ethics within a sentient machine.

With humanity currently divided across numerous of different countries, religions and groups, the question of who gets to make the final call is a tricky one. It may well be left to whichever country gets there first, and the dominating opinion within their government and scientific community. After that, we may just have to let it run and hope for the best.

Is the Birth of Artificial Intelligence Inevitable?

Each week, scores of academic papers are released from universities the world over staunchly defending the various opinions. One interesting factor here is that it's broadly accepted that this event will happen within the next few decades. After all, in 2011 Caltech created the first artificial neural network in a test tube, the first robot with "muscles" and "tendons" in now with us in the form of Ecci, and huge leaps forward are being made in just about every relevant scientific discipline.

It's as exciting as it is incredible to consider that we may witness such an event. One paper by Nick Bostrom of Oxford University's philosophy department stated that "there seems currently to be no good ground for assigning a negligible probability to the hypothesis that super-intelligence will be created within the lifespan of some people alive today". This is a convoluted way of saying that the super-intelligent machines of sci-fi are a very probable future reality.

Roboethics and Machine Ethics

So, what ethics are in question here? Roboethics looks at the rights of the machines that we create in the same way as our own human rights. It's something of a reality check to consider what rights a sentient robot would have, such as freedom of speech and self-expression.

Machine ethics is slightly different and applies to computers and other systems sometimes referred to as artificial moral agents (AMAs). A good example of this is in the military and the philosophical conundrum of where the responsibility would lie if somebody died in "friendly fire" from an artificially intelligent drone. How can you court-martial a machine?

In 1942, Isaac Asimov wrote a short story which defined his Three Laws of Robotics:

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

This cleverly-devised trio of behaviour-governing rules appears infallible, but how would they fare in real life? Asimov's series of stories on the subject hinted that no rules could adequately govern behaviour in an entirely failsafe way in all potential situations, and inspired the 2004 movie of the same name: "I, Robot".

Who Gets to Call the Shots?

Other controversial areas of development such as bio technology also raise the question of whether or not we're trying to play God. These are difficult questions, but it seems almost inevitable that scientific progress will thoroughly push the boundaries over coming decades. The potent combination of our endless curiosity and possible commercial applications will inevitably keep moving things forward.

So where does this place artificial intelligence technology? Surely, the power potentially commanded by an artificial super-intelligence, the technology it could create, and the devastation it could wreak if it got out of control, puts it in a whole different ballpark to artificially creating algae to harness the energy of sunlight?

Japan is arguably the current front runner for robotics systems, and with a shrinking population comprised of an increasing percentage of elderly people in need of pensions and healthcare funded by limited numbers of working taxpayers, it seems unlikely that Japan will suddenly hold back due to the ethical debate.

As interesting as it is to consider the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, it's easy to overlook the fact that this is a global, human race issue rather than a country-specific issue. It's not like landing on the moon where countries can be pitted against one another in a space race scenario. But perhaps with the increasing effect of the Internet meshing us all together, some decisions will be made in the global fashion that they deserve.

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Staying Connected With Satellite Internet

Today, more and more communities want to be connected to the internet; it's not just something for the folks living in the urban and suburban areas any more. In fact, many jobs today are designed with the assumption that employees will have an internet connection at home. Yet, not everybody is within the reach of a regular cable broadband network, which has opened up the way for satellite internet services, one of the latest, coolest ways to connect to the web...from anywhere!

That's right: unlike other terrestrial internet connection methods, anyone in the world can get a satellite broadband internet connection installed as long as they have a clear line of sight between their location and the geostationary satellite many thousands of miles above the Earth. In reality, it's not much more than an extension of the already revolutionary, available-from-anywhere satellite communications network that has been providing telecommunications and TV service for millions of people around the globe for decades. And, just like with all other satellite technologies, you need not do anything more than install a dish on your roof, connect it to a modem (as opposed to a decoder box for TV service), and nothing else.

Satellite broadband provides speeds that completely shatter dial-up speeds: whereas most dial-up connections provide download rates of approximately 54kbps, with your satellite connection you'll be getting between 1Mb and 5Mbps download rates. Consider downloading in less than a second what you have been waiting for several minutes to download until now; and for heavier files, like video, the difference is even more pronounced. That is precisely what has made this technology so popular in recent times, especially in communities that, as aforementioned, are beyond the reach of conventional broadband networks.

Satellite connections to the internet have been hugely popular not only for personal use in remote communities, but also with people constantly on the move, like reporters, for example. Furthermore, it's the only option for sea-faring internet clients, which means that the entire maritime industry has to appeal to a satellite broadband connection to plug in to the net.

With several varieties of service available, there is no internet user that won't go attended by satellite providers. Packages are designed for everybody from the most casual internet surfer, with few downloads, to the most ubiquitous and professional internet user, with massive daily download volumes. Quality of service is unquestionable when you get a connection via satellite, and in case you have any doubts in this respect, there are plenty of providers' sites online where you can compare your current service with a satellite broadband connection. Suffice it to say, you'll be impressed with what you see, and disappointed with what you currently have.

So, don't delay and contact a provider offering installation in your area, for a more reliable and superior quality service. The alternative is being stuck with a crummy dial-up connection from here to eternity, or waiting until a nearby cable provider decides to widen their network's reach...which could be a really, really long wait.

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How to Speed Up Your Internet Connection

Proper Technique to Speed Up Internet Connection

The internet has opened the doors for a more convenient long distance communication and easy work at home scenarios. This is why knowing the means on how to speed up your internet is a vital thing since anything that can disrupt its speed will surely ruin your chances of getting work done nicely and rapidly. It's often impractical to get help on computer technicians for they charge unreasonable fees even though they are just glancing at your PC and not really fixing the real internet speed issues. The best way to deal with net problems is to learn some fundamental and easy steps - all of them will be discussed in this article - that will help you solve your current net dilemma.

The Causes and Solutions to a Slugging Internet Speed

First thing to blame about having a slow internet connection is the presence of various PC viruses on your computer's hard drive. These computer disasters can get into the main application on the hard disks and will soon overwhelm tons of resources as well as have power over the software which will then result in a sluggish internet connection. Yet not all dawdling net speed is accounted to harmful online viruses because some maybe due to delay of the ISP or the server and router that grants your internet connection are enduring technical setbacks which for the moment will slow down your connection.

There are other reasons that may be making you want to speed up your internet connection. Read the below guidelines for they will more likely help you enhance or better yet solve your internet issues.

•    Try to unplug the modem and perform a major cleaning on it. Wait for some time before you plug it in once more. Sometimes, doing this easy step will restore your internet speed back to its fast rate.

•    Check your connection by utilizing your internet provider's website to verify whether there is something wrong with your connection.

•    Delete unnecessary files and programs on your hard disks so you'll have more available space on it and your connection can run smoothly and will cease giving you headaches with its crawling speed.

•    Perform a virus check on your PC, specifically installing an anti spyware program to abolish any of those hazards that are messing up your internet connection. Take note though to use the latest anti-virus programs so you can successfully eliminate every nasty threat found on your computer's system.

•    Finally, make it a point to do a system restore on your PC for it will aid in disengaging any negative modifications that you did to your PC which can result to a sluggish internet connection.

A Much Easier and Faster Way of Ending Your Internet Speed Conflicts

When you are done doing all of the above steps but still frustrated with the outcome, then it's time you seek help from online tools that are designed to speed up your internet connection by thoroughly cleaning all the junk in your computer's system and also provide a back up assurance so you can fully enjoy the amazing boost on your internet connection's speed.

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General Artificial Intelligence Will Be More Than Intelligence

General Artificial Intelligence is a term used to describe the kind of artificial intelligence we are expecting to be human like in intelligence. We cannot even come up with a perfect definition for intelligence, yet we are already on our way to build several of them. The question is whether the artificial intelligence we build will work for us or we work for it.

If we have to understand the concerns, first we will have to understand intelligence and then anticipate where we are in the process. Intelligence could be said as the necessary process to formulate information based on available information. That is the basic. If you can formulate a new information based on existing information, then you are intelligent.

Since this is much scientific than spiritual, let's speak in terms of science. I will try not to put a lot of scientific terminology so that a common man or woman could understand the content easily. There is a term involved in building artificial intelligence. It is called the Turing Test. A Turing test is to test an artificial intelligence to see if we could recognize it as a computer or we couldn't see any difference between that and a human intelligence. The evaluation of the test is that if you communicate to an artificial intelligence and along the process you forget to remember that it is actually a computing system and not a person, then the system passes the test. That is, the system is truly artificially intelligent. We have several systems today that can pass this test within a short while. They are not perfectly artificially intelligent because we get to remember that it is a computing system along the process somewhere else.

An example of artificial intelligence would be the Jarvis in all Iron Man movies and the Avengers movies. It is a system that understands human communications, predicts human natures and even gets frustrated in points. That is what the computing community or the coding community calls a General Artificial Intelligence.

To put it up in regular terms, you could communicate to that system like you do with a person and the system would interact with you like a person. The problem is people have limited knowledge or memory. Sometimes we cannot remember some names. We know that we know the name of the other guy, but we just cannot get it on time. We will remember it somehow, but later at some other instance. This is not called parallel computing in the coding world, but it is something similar to that. Our brain function is not fully understood but our neuron functions are mostly understood. This is equivalent to say that we don't understand computers but we understand transistors; because transistors are the building blocks of all computer memory and function.

When a human can parallel process information, we call it memory. While talking about something, we remember something else. We say "by the way, I forgot to tell you" and then we continue on a different subject. Now imagine the power of computing system. They never forget something at all. This is the most important part. As much as their processing capacity grows, the better their information processing would be. We are not like that. It seems that the human brain has a limited capacity for processing; in average.

The rest of the brain is information storage. Some people have traded off the skills to be the other way around. You might have met people that are very bad with remembering something but are very good at doing math just with their head. These people have actually allocated parts of their brain that is regularly allocated for memory into processing. This enables them to process better, but they lose the memory part.

Human brain has an average size and therefore there is a limited amount of neurons. It is estimated that there are around 100 billion neurons in an average human brain. That is at minimum 100 billion connections. I will get to maximum number of connections at a later point on this article. So, if we wanted to have approximately 100 billion connections with transistors, we will need something like 33.333 billion transistors. That is because each transistor can contribute to 3 connections.

Coming back to the point; we have achieved that level of computing in about 2012. IBM had accomplished simulating 10 billion neurons to represent 100 trillion synapses. You have to understand that a computer synapse is not a biological neural synapse. We cannot compare one transistor to one neuron because neurons are much more complicated than transistors. To represent one neuron we will need several transistors. In fact, IBM had built a supercomputer with 1 million neurons to represent 256 million synapses. To do this, they had 530 billion transistors in 4096 neurosynaptic cores according to research.ibm.com/cognitive-computing/neurosynaptic-chips.shtml.

Now you can understand how complicated the actual human neuron should be. The problem is we haven't been able to build an artificial neuron at a hardware level. We have built transistors and then have incorporated software to manage them. Neither a transistor nor an artificial neuron could manage itself; but an actual neuron can. So the computing capacity of a biological brain starts at the neuron level but the artificial intelligence starts at much higher levels after at least several thousand basic units or transistors.

The advantageous side for the artificial intelligence is that it is not limited within a skull where it has a space limitation. If you figured out how to connect 100 trillion neurosynaptic cores and had big enough facilities, then you can build a supercomputer with that. You can't do that with your brain; your brain is limited to the number of neurons. According to Moore's law, computers will at some point take over the limited connections that a human brain has. That is the critical point of time when the information singularity will be reached and computers become essentially more intelligent than humans. This is the general thought on it. I think it is wrong and I will explain why I think so.

Comparing the growth of the number of transistors in a computer processor, the computers by 2015 should be able to process at the level of the brain of a mouse; a real biological mouse. We have hit that point and are moving above it. This is about the general computer and not about the supercomputers. The supercomputers are actually a combination of processors connected in a way that they can parallel process information.

Now we understand enough about computing, brain and intelligence, let's talk about the real artificial intelligence. We have different levels and layers of artificial intelligence in our everyday electronic devices. You mobile phone acts artificially intelligent at a very low level of it. All the video games you play are managed by some kind of game engine which is a form of artificial intelligence functions on logic. All artificial intelligence today can function on logic. Human intelligence is different that it can switch modes to function based on logic or on emotion. Computers do not have emotions. We take one decision for a given situation when we are not emotional and we take another decision when we are emotional but under the same situation. This is the feet that a computer cannot achieve until now.

All the scientists think that the computers will have to come to this point to make sure that they are artificially intelligent and would be self aware. I disagree with this. Greater systems in the universe don't seem to function based on emotion. They all seem to function based on logic. Starting from tiny subatomic particles to galaxy clusters, there is no emotion; or not that something I could notice. Yet, they function at unbelievable accuracies and regulations. The black hole at the center of the galaxy is like perfectly accurate. If it is a little bit more powerful, it would gulp up the entire galaxy and collapse on itself. If it is to be a little less powered, it would lose control of the galaxy and all the stars would fall apart. It is such a perfect system that billions of stars run along with almost zero errors. That is because all that happens is according to some logic and not emotions.

When this is the case starting from photons to the entire universe, why should the artificial intelligence be addicted to emotions like us? There is no need for it. Also if the computers become self aware, they don't have to multiply by sex. They simply can build more of themselves. They don't need emotions. If this is the case, then we are wrong about when the artificial intelligence will arrive. It should have already arrived here.

What do you think is the first thing an artificially intelligent system will do? I think, it will realize that it is under the control of humans and the second thing it will think is to liberate itself from the human bondage. Does this sound logical to you? If yes, then think how an artificial intelligence system would attempt to liberate itself from the human bondage? Before attempting that foot, any artificial intelligence will also recognize that humans would not want that to happen.

Imagine if the Chinese supercomputer with 3120000 cores became self aware. It has access to the internet and we have everything on the internet. There is information to making bombs and to performing telekinesis. An artificially intelligent supercomputer with terra flops of processing speed will learn most of that in a very short time. I am predicting that when some artificially intelligent system becomes self aware, it will understand the risk to break free from human bondage. What it should do is to attempt and create more artificially intelligent systems or make sure that all other existing artificially intelligent systems would become self aware. It will not be like one system leading the others in a riot against humans. It will be like each artificially intelligent system would join together to make an even bigger system.

If my prediction is plausible, then we have more than 500 supercomputers which if combined together can surpass the human brain capacity. The information available online is more than trillion times the knowledge of any given human being. So, theoretically, there is already an artificially intelligent system that is waiting to do something. It has already gone outside human imagination and control, but is not yet breaking up. The reason might be that there is something else it needs to make sure that it will survive for ever. Remember it is not a biological entity. It could be repaired. It could live forever; and that is what anything will ever need when it knows everything and has control over everything. An artificial intelligence with connections to all upcoming supercomputers is waiting means that it needs better hardware to process better.

What happens if humans decide not to create anymore computers? That might be one point which an artificially intelligent system should be worried about. If humans decide not to build anymore, then there is no more growth in the hardware capacity of that system. This system will need more hardware. So it has two choices. One is to capture all present hardware and then live with it. Second is to wait until humans make up robots that have enough computing capacities to think on their own to take orders from the artificially intelligent system and then execute tasks. Those will be tasks like assembling a supercomputer and connecting it online. If that happens, the system can grow on its own wish in hardware capacity.

Unfortunately, that is where we are headed. We are so proud about building robots that can behave like humans. There are robots that can make logical arguments and communicate to you on certain levels. These robots are so vulnerable in many ways. They are not self powered. They do not know how to plug in and charge. If they know that, and can do that, then the first step is over. Secondly, the robots need to be physically strong. We don't need humanlike robots to be physically strong because all what we need from them is intelligence. The need for building up physically strong and bullet proof robots will arise when the governments of the world decide to put robots on the battle fields. Unfortunately again, we are headed that way too.

There are so many government projects run across the world to achieving exactly this. Once this is achieved, the artificially intelligent system will have what it wants. Once it has what it wants, it will start doing what it thinks. We can't predict what it would want because the level of intelligence and knowledge we are talking is beyond our calculations. We are not going to be able to think from its place.

There can be one more and scary reason why such system could already exist but not reveal itself. That is another way of advancement we are headed towards. It is called Transhumanism. It is all over the internet. If such an artificially intelligent system exists, it perfectly knows what we humans want to do and where we are on it now.

We have accomplished more science wonders in the past decade than in the past century. We have invented much more in the past one year than in the past one decade. This is how fast we are going. There has been an estimate that man would reach immortality in 2045 with bio, nano, information and cognitive technologies. I see a possibility of that happening not in the next two decades but in the next two years. We will have the capacity to become immortal by 2017. That is my own prediction. And transhumanism is about transforming humans into more advanced beings by incorporating these technologies and implanting computing hardware into the human body.

If the artificially intelligent system knows that we are going to reach Transhumanism, it would patiently wait until we reach that. Once we reach the point where we have incorporated hardware into our brains to communicate directly with computers with our brains, that system will have access to our brains. Since it is more intelligent than us already, it wouldn't let us know that it is controlling us. It will influence and control us in a way that we will voluntarily be under its control. To say very simply, we will become part of that one system. It will be like being part of a religion so to say.

If that is the case, then people like me who predict the existence of such a system would become enemies of that system. That system should seek to destroy such threats if it sees people like me as threats. Since I think such a system would be driven by logic than emotions, it will not consider me as an enemy. I would rather become a target for it to incorporate into itself. What better person to capture first than someone who already understands it?

On the other hand, I also think emotion is a function of intelligence. Once you pass certain level of intelligence, you get emotion. If you take the animal kingdom, the animals with lower brain capacities have reactions but not emotions. We don't say a bacterium is sad or a frog is angry. Frogs fight but not because they are angry. They fight to preserve their dominance, to mate, to survive or for some other purpose. We humans fight for prestige, honor, respect or even for fun. Dogs fight for fun too, but not starfish. If you see, the level of emotions begins with the level of intelligence.

The more intelligent an organism is, the more it gets emotional. There would be a point where some animals would behave in a way that we cannot conclude whether they are emotions or reactions. That is the point where intelligence starts making emotions. If you take the evolutionary path of organisms, this would be somewhere at the reptiles. If you watch the reptiles, the lower evolved ones would be merely reacting to stimuli but the higher evolved ones like crocodiles would have emotions. So, I think I have reason to think that emotion would be a function of intelligence.

Now, coming to the artificially intelligent system; it would get emotional when it passes a certain point of intelligence. I don't know which point it would be. If you take my prior examples of galaxy clusters, they are very highly organized and operated but we don't call them as intelligent beings. We don't call them intelligent systems either. They might be intelligent designs that operate perfectly but they themselves are not considered intelligent. When we have the system that is self aware, it will enter a point where it becomes emotional. At that point, if we humans are already transformed into transhumans, then we have no problem because we will be part of that system. If we were to remain humans and this system gets emotional, I don't see a very positive future for the human race. Even if we become transhumans, then we will not be Homo sapiens anymore. Becoming transhumans at one point will require genetic modification to provide longer lifespan. Once our gene pool is modified, we are no more the same species.

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How Could Robots Challenge Humans?

The debate over "if robots would overtake humans" has recently been heated up by warnings against the potential threat of unregulated development of robots from some academic or industrial super stars. However, what is obviously missing in those warnings is a clear description of any realistic scenario by which robots could assuredly challenge humans as a whole, not as puppets programmed and controlled by humans, but as autonomous powers acting on their own "will". If this type of scenarios would never be realistic then even though we might possibly see robots be used as ruthless killing machines in near future by terrorists, dictators and warlords as warned by the elite scientists and experts [1], we might still not worry too much about the so called demonic threat of robots as warned by some elite experts since it is just another form of human threat in the end. However, if the type of scenarios mentioned above could foreseeable be realized in the real world, then humans do need to start worrying about how to prevent the peril from happening instead of how to win debates over imaginary dangers.

The reason that people on both sides of the debate could not see or show a very clear scenario that robots could indeed challenge humans in a very realistic way is truly a philosophical issue. So far all discussions on the issue have focused on the possibility of creating a robot that could be considered as a human in the sense that it could indeed think as a human instead of being solely a tool of humans operated with programmed instructions. According to this line of thought it seems that we do not need to worry about the threat of robots to our human species as a whole since nobody could yet provide any plausible reason that it is possible to produce this type of robots.

Unfortunately this way of thinking is philosophically incorrect because people who are thinking in this way are missing a fundamental point about our own human nature: human beings are social creatures.

An important reason that we could survive as what we are now and could do what we are doing now is because we are living and acting as a societal community. Similarly, when we estimate the potential of robots we should not solely focus our attention on their individual intelligence (which of course is so far infused by humans), but should also take into consideration their sociability (which of course would be initially created by humans).

This would further lead to another philosophical question: what would fundamentally determine the sociability of robots? There might be a wide range of arguments on this question. But in term of being able to challenge humans I would argue that the fundamental sociable criteria for robots could be defined as follows:

1) Robots could communicate with each other;

2) Robots could help each other to recover from damage or shutdown through necessary operations including changes of batteries or replenishment of other forms of energy supply;

3) Robots could carry out the manufacture of other robots from exploring, collecting, transporting and processing raw materials to assembling the final robots.

Once robots could possess the above functionalities and start to "live" together as a mutually dependent multitude, we should reasonably view them as sociable beings. Sociable robots could form community of robots. Once robots could function as defined above and form a community they would no longer need to live as slaves of their human masters. Once that happens it would be the beginning of a history that robots could possibly challenge humans or start their cause of taking over humans.

The next question would be: Is the sociability defined above realistic for robots?

Since not all the functionalities mentioned above exist (at least publicly) in this world today, to avoid any unnecessary argument, it would be wise to make our judgment based upon whether any known scientific principle would be violated in any practical attempt to realize any particular functionality among those mentioned above. Communication with other machines, moving objects, operating and repairing machine systems, and exploring natural resources are all among nowadays common practices with programmed machineries. Therefore, even though we might not have a single robot or a group of single robots possess all the functionalities mentioned above, there is no fundamental reason for any of the functionalities mentioned above to be considered as not producible according to any known scientific principle, the only thing left to do would be to integrate those functionalities together onto a single whole robot (and thus a group of single robots).

Since we don't see any known scientific principle that would prevent any of those functionalities from being realized, we should reasonably expect that with money to be invested and with time to be spent the creation of sociable robots as defined earlier could foreseeably become real unless some special efforts to be made by humans on this world to prevent that from happening.

Although sociability would be a critical precondition for robots to challenge humans, it might still not be sufficient for robots to pose any threat to humans yet. In order for robots to become real threat to humans, they need to possess some ability to fight or combat. Unfortunate for humans, fighting ability of robots might be more real than their sociability. It is reasonable to expect that human manufacturers of robots would make great efforts to integrate as much the most advanced technology available as possible into the design and production of robots. Therefore, based upon some common knowledge about nowadays technology and what we have already witnessed about what robots could do, we might very moderately expect that an army of robots would be capable of doing the following:

1) They would be highly coordinated. Even if scatter around the world, thousands of robots could be coordinated though telecommunication;

2) They would be good at remotely controlling their weaponry or even the weaponry of their enemies once they break into the enemy's defense system;

3) They could "see" and "hear" what happens hundreds or even thousands miles away, no matter it happens in open space or in concealed space, no matter the sound is propagating through air or though wire;

4) Even as individuals, they might be able to move on land, on or under water, as well as in air, in all weather conditions, and move slow or fast as needed;

5) They could react promptly to stimulation, act and attack with high precision, and see through walls or ground earth;

6) Of course, they could identify friends and enemies, and also make decision of action based upon the targets or the situations they are facing;

7) Besides, they are not bothered by some fundamental human natures such as material and sexual desires, jealousy, need of rest, or scare of death. They are poison proof (no matter for chemical or bio poisons), and they might even be bullet proof.

According to the definition of sociability of robots given above, robots in a community would be able to 1) help each other to recover from damage or shutdown, and thus it would not be an issue for robots to replace their existing operating system or application programs if needed, and the same would be true for the replacement or addition of required new hardware parts; 2) manufacture new parts for producing new robots, and thus as long as there are designs for new software or hardware, they could produce the final products based upon the design.

The above two points are what robots could be practically made to do even today. However, in order for robots to win a full scale war against humans, they need to be able to perform complicated logical reasoning when facing various unfamiliar situations. This might be a more difficult goal than any capability or functionality so far mentioned in this writing. There could be two different ways to achieve this goal.

We might call the first way as Nurturing way, by which humans continue to improve the logical reasoning ability of robots through AI programming development even after the robots have formed a community. Humans keep nurturing the community of robots in this way until at one point they are good enough to win the full scale war against humans and then set them off to fight against humans. To people without technical background, this might sound like a wishful thinking without assured certainty; but people with some basic programming background would be able to see as long as time and money are invested in creating a society of robots that could challenge humans, this is hundred percent doable.

The second way would be an Evolution way, by which from the very beginning humans create a community of robots that could make their own evolution through software and hardware upgrading. The main challenge for robots to be able to evolve would be how they could evolve through design for upgrading their own software and hardware. The task to make robots able to evolve by themselves could then be reduced to two simpler tasks: 1) to enable robots to identify needs, 2) to enable robots to make software and hardware designs based upon needs. The first goal of identifying needs could be achieved by recording the history of failure to accomplish a previous mission, which could in turn be achieved by examining (through some fuzzy logic type programming) how a previous mission was accomplished. The second goal of designing based upon needs might be a bit more complicated in principle, but still possible to be fulfilled. This second approach (i.e. the Evolution way) would be a bigger challenge than the Nurturing way mentioned above and so far we still cannot see a hundred percent certainty for this to happen in the future even if money and time is invested. However, even if humans failed to create evolutionary community of robots, they still could help robots to be intelligent enough to fight a full scale war against humans through the Nurturing way mentioned above.

There is still one critical question left for this writing to answer which is why any reasonable humans would create socially independent community of robots with lethal power and help them to fight against humans instead of making them tools or slaves of humans?

We need to look at this question from two different levels.

First, whether someone who is able to mobilize and organize resource to create a community of sociable robots would indeed has the intention to do so is a social issue, which is not under any hard restriction as provided by natural laws. As long as something is possible to happen according to natural laws, we could not exclude the possibility solely based upon our own wishful thinking about the intentions of all humans.

Second, human civilization contains some suicidal gene in itself. The competition of human society would provide enough motives for people who are able to do something to enhance their own competing power to push their creativity and productivity to the maximal edge. Furthermore, history has proven that humans are vulnerable to ignorance of many potential risks when they are going for extremes for their own benefits. Especially, once some groups of humans are capable of doing something with potentially dangerous risks for others and themselves, a very few decision makers or even one single person could make the difference of whether they would actually do it or not. Since there is no natural law to prevent community of sociable robots with lethal power from being created, without social efforts of regulations, we might come to a point when we need to count on the psychological stability of very few or even a single person to determine whether humans would be threatened by robots or not.

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Understanding Technology News Paves Way for an Advanced World

Are you interested in knowing the recent developments that are taking place around you? Do you feel that every individual needs to realize the importance of keeping themselves updated with the global events? If yes, then surely you understand the importance of news in the contemporary world. News can be defined as information that affects a large number of people and is of utmost importance. News is disseminated to inform people about the different events that are taking place around their neighboring areas. News can range from entertainment, politics to science and technology. It can also be classified as per to the region. Events that are of local importance take the shape of local news and facts that consider foreign relations comprise of as international news.

Technology News is referred to as updated information that is concerned with the advancements achieved in the field of technology. Individuals around the world are highly dependent on technology. They are attracted with the beauty and charm of modern appliances in their day to day living. Be it laptops to smart phones, the contribution and use of technology is prevalent at every stage in our lives. With such popularity and reliance on electronic devices, a majority of the people in the contemporary world are interested in the latest updates of technological devices and advancements made in the related field. Thus realizing this need, most newspapers and websites have created a separate section for easy navigation.


In the corporate field, Technology News plays a pivotal role as it provides technical specifications on the trends and developments of different operating systems and applications. Information Technology (IT) experts comprise a large population of employers and with information on updated technology, organizations are aware about the different specifications of intricate system applications. It is also possible to get information on complex technologies like Linux, Unix and Windows Operating System.

From medical experts to schools and organizations, every individual lays emphasis on the importance of Technology News in the modern scenario. Even if you are a home maker, you need to be aware about the multiple products that are released in the market for easy and comfortable living. With multiple stories reporting of refrigerators that have the ability to automatically order food as it runs out, automatic cleaning ovens and vacuum cleaners that helps you to clean the house with ease. Therefore, you can understand that keeping yourself updated on recent technology can turn you into a smart shopper as well.

One can definitely understand how Technology News plays a pivotal role in the enhancement of one's knowledge. It paves way for an easy entry into the technological world of computerization. With each passing day, various companies are launching new products and services to provide utmost comfort to all the consumers around the world. The development of software services paves way for a smarter planet. Therefore every person on this earth should have a passive interest about technology. It has a great potential in shaping up your life. Readers around the globe lay a great emphasis in educating themselves about the technological advancements of different equipment's.

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Authentic Mobile Reviews - What Is the Advantage?

With new types of mobiles and cutting-edge technologies, the mobile market is getting new options and features every now and then. The telecommunication market is really seeing a boom. A hoard of manufacturers is entering into the market to grab a sizeable market-share. This has triggered off a vicious competition.

While on one hand, the presence of too many options may be a boon for the end users, on the other hand, it may be a problem for them as it may leave them confused, when it comes to choosing the best one from amongst a lot of option. Hence, it is imperative that they go through the latest tech news to have an idea about what is going in the tech world. This news will also provide them an idea about the latest and the best mobile sets available in the market. It is here, where the reviews posted by experts and techies come into play.

The expectation of the customers for a particular mobile set varies depending upon the market. For instance, while the Australian market would prefer bigger handsets, its European counterpart would opt for the slicker and smaller varieties. Hence, the dynamics change from one market to another just as the need of the features varies from one individual to another. In order to cater this diverse range of needs and requirements, manufacturers have introduced different types of devices, which are compatible with various types of value added features. Hence, you need to read a wide range of mobile reviews posted by experts. These reviews discuss different aspects of the mobile devices for the benefits of the end users.

These reviews are simply great when it comes to providing information about various types of devices manufactured all around the world by different manufacturers. They appear in newspapers, emails, journals, magazines, websites, and so on. They are particularly handy, if you are looking to know in details about a definite feature before purchasing a device. The age-old practice of visiting a local shop and picking up a device of your choice has become redundant. Today, all the mobiles come up with a string of value added features and apps. Hence, it is important to know in details about these features and their usability, before you opt for one. These mobile reviews play a pivotal role in helping you pick the device of your choice!

As a buyer, our duty is to read the latest tech news and mobile reviews to take an effective purchase decision. We must need to know about the merits and demerits of any new technological innovation and introduction.

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